Dementia may occur associated to some diseases, such as Alzheimer, vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, Parkinson's disease, etc.

Average costs of dementia in Spain are 19,245 EUR per patient per year, taking into account costs of care, non-health costs and informal care.

The most prevalent disease in this area is Alzheimer's. It rises 50% of people with dementia:

• Early detection is very important for applying treatments.
• This early treatment delays symptomatic disease progression.
• Delaying theses symptoms, quality of life of patients and caregivers is improved, reducing, in turn, costs of health care.

Cognitive decline appears before the development of dementia.

• First, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is appeared. Usually, this is not diagnosed.
• The diagnosis of MCI in early stages is important in order to try the prevent the appearance of dementia.
• Patients and caregivers tend to attribute these symptoms to normal course of aging, but it could hide other deeper diseases, like Alzheimer.
• Regularly, people have a disappoint float-right2ment with neurologist when symptoms are very pronounced. Neurologist makes an interview with patient and diagnoses him.
• This cognitive decline is classified according to Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR).

According to World Health Organization:

• Falls are the second cause of death from unintentional or accidental injuries.
• Non-fatal falls require medical attention. In many cases, they cause permanent disability.
• Cost per fall is around 3,200 EUR (EU-27). Costs incurred by relatives for absenteeism, caregivers, orthopedic aids, etc. are estimated at 43 million EUR.

In the case of Parkinson's Disease (PD), falls are because of the people instability.

People with PD suffer Freezing of Gait (FoG) since first motoric symptoms occur. These episodes are brief and intermittent, and get rid of walking.

FoG appears at the start of the gait or changes in it (changing the speed, direction, walking in tight spaces, etc.).

FoG are the greatest loss of autonomy of people with PD, since in many cases, it results in a fall.

According to International Air Transport Association (IATA):

• Every day about 100,000 flights bring people and goods to their destination.
• Each day more than $18.6 billion of goods travel by air, one third of all world trade by value.
• 63 million livelihoods are supported by air transport
• Over 3.7 billion passengers will fly this year.

A key aspect of this system is Air Traffic Control (ATC), vital for safely directing and navigating airplanes through the local airspace, during take-off and landing. ATC applies separation rules to the aircraft that they direct. Separation rules are used to regulate the distance between other airplanes and that aircraft by requiring a minimum distance among them. This is for increasing safety and reducing unnecessary risks for pilots and passengers.

To solve the saturation of the air transport system, two initiatives are in place to completely overhaul airspace and its air traffic management (ATM): Single European Sky ATM Research (SESAR) in Europe and NextGen in USA.

SESAR's target concept relies on a number of new key features:

• The network operation plan, a dynamic rolling plan for continuous operations that ensures a common view of the network situation;
• Full integration of airport operations as part of ATM and the planning process;
• Trajectory management, reducing the constraints of airspace organization to a minimum;
• New aircraft separation modes, allowing increased safety, capacity and efficiency;
• System-wide information management (SWIM), securely connecting all the ATM stakeholders which will share the same data;
• Controllers and pilots will be assisted by new automated functions to ease their workload and handle complex decision-making processes.

A whole set of new tools are needed to understand, model, plan, forecast and control the air operations under the new paradigms.

The use of online payment mode such as online banking, debit card, credit card etc. has become hugely popular and important in day to day shopping and e-commerce activities. On the other hand, online fraud has become a serious issue in financial crime management for all online businesses.

The companies and financial institutions are losing huge amounts due to fraud while fraudsters continuously try to find new rules and tactics to commit illegal actions.

According to different studies, annual fraud costs approximately for U.S. retailers reached $32 billion in 2014. Retailers lost an estimated 1.3% of revenue in 2015, more than double the rate of 2014.

It also proved that up to 25% of declined sales transactions for e-commerce merchants were actually good sales to start, indicating that the most of current fraud detection systems have huge rates of false positives

Electricity is a very special commodity, practically non-storable. The power system stability requires a constant balance between production and consumption which means that the demand must be satisfied continuously.

The process of deregulation and the introduction of competitive markets have reshaped the traditionally monopolistic and government-controlled power sectors. Nowadays, in many countries all over the world, the production and sale of electricity is traded under competitive rules in free markets.

If producers and consumers are able to make reliable predictions of electricity price, they can develop their bidding strategies and their own production or consumption schedules in such a way to reduce the risks or maximize the profits.

The costs of over/under contracting and then selling/buying power in the real-time balancing market are typically so high that they can lead to huge financial losses or even bankruptcy.

Electric utilities are the most vulnerable, since they generally cannot pass their costs on to the retail consumers. Consequently, prediction of electricity demand and price are significant problems in this sector.

With the growing popularity of new Cloud applications and services, IT networks and data center's computational demand have experienced a rapid increase, playing the central role in business opportunities and digital services.

Data centers represent a critical pillar in businesses for companies in a wide range of industries, raising more and more everyday their economic impact in business operations.

Energy consumption of data center facilities has reached the 2% of the global outcome and this energy is mainly produced by non-renewable sources, having not only a high repercussion in the economy but also in the carbon footprint and the thermal impact.

The main sources of energy consumption in data centers are due to both computational and cooling contributions.

• Computational resources, also known as Information Technology (IT), represent around the 60% of the total consumption, where the static power dissipation of idle servers is the dominant contribution.
• Cooling infrastructure originates around the 30% of the overall consumption. The key factor affecting cooling requirements is the maximum temperature reached on the facility due to the activity of servers.

Scoring models have been used to define the risk and loyalty level of customers, consumers and new product buyers and specifically in the financial sector, credit scoring is a method of evaluating the credit risk of loan or credit applicants.

Nowadays, credit scoring plays a vital role in economic growth by improving easy and fast access to credit markets, lowering the price of credit and reducing the economic risks.

Credit scoring has gained more and more attention as the credit industry can benefit from improving cash flow, insuring credit collections and reducing possible risks.

Over the past decades, many businesses have struggled with the number of fundamental issues such as sourcing, production, warehousing, distribution and customer service. However, in today's global demand-driven market, Supply Chain Management has become an urgent need for product and service providers all around the world.

The increasing customer expectations, highly competitive global marketplace and rising transportation costs due to inflated and volatile fuel prices are driving the development and investment of new distribution network designs.

In the case of one US-based manufacturer of industrial materials, a supply chain management study resulted an annual warehousing costs reduction by about $300,000 for an investment of approximately $100,000 in the network modeling and warehouse redesign. Because of the global nature of the company, there were also significant potentials for additional transportation savings, approximately $2.5 million annually only by investing about $420,000 to develop and implement optimal processes.

Modern buildings are full of data collection systems, from building management systems -BEMs- which captures temperature and humidity levels, to access controllers, which collect occupancy statistics, to other measurements too.

Big data describes large, complex sets of data that if interpreted properly, can provide insight into how a building is performing from an energy standpoint float-right2. Building owners are realizing that the metrics they use to evaluate the assets in their portfolios are changing.

Shifting customer demands, climate change mitigation and sustainability goals, power reliability and resiliency concerns, and budget constraints are driving demand for intelligent building solutions.

Therefore, there is an important need to create a structured way to collect, process, and analyze a set of data to make better performance and increase functional capabilities of the facility.